Exam4cellbiolnocreditanswerkey

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell duplicate its DNA (and chromatids)?

G1

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G2

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S

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Mitosis

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Meiosis

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What organelle produces the spindle fibers that move the chromosomes during mitosis?

The centriole

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The centromere

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The lysosome

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The Golgi

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The chromatin

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A mass of body cells that grows and divides uncontrollably, but is encapsulated within a layer of connective tissue and does not spread is called a:

Malignant tumor

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Benign tumor

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Metastatic tumor

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Melanoma

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None of the above

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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction?

It is faster

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Reproduction can be achieved with only one parent

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Their offspring have more genetic diversity

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These are all advantages of asexual reproduction

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It is less fun

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Mitosis occurs in _______________, while meiosis occurs in _________________.

Gametic cells | somatic cells

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Somatic cells | gametic cells

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Both gametic and somatic cells | somatic cells

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Both gametic and somatic cells | gametic cells

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None of the above

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A spermatogonium (stem cell) undergoes mitosis. What are the products?

Two genetically different haploid (n) cells

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Four genetically different haploid (n) cells

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Two genetically identical diploid (2n) cells

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Two genetically different diploid (2n) cells

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Four genetically identical diploid (2n) cells

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How is meiosis different in oocytes compared to spermatocytes?

Four genetically identical haploid (n) cells are produced

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One genetically different diploid (n) cell is produced, the rest are polar bodies

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One genetically different haploid (n) cell is produced, the rest are polar bodies

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Meiosis in oocytes is the same as with spermatocytes

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None of the above

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During which stage in meiosis does the crossing over of chromosomes occur?

Prophase I

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Metaphase I

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Anaphase I

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Telophase I

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None of the above

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Homologous chromosomes are…

A pair of sister chromatids on the same chromosome

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Two different chromosomes within a genome (chromosome #1 and #20)

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A pair of chromosomes in a genome from each parent (both #9 chromosomes)

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A pair of sister chromatids that recently separated during anaphase

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None of the above

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Much of the modern understanding of heredity began with Gregor Mendel studying pea plants. One ______________ of the plants he studied was seed texture, with the two possible ________ being wrinkled and smooth.

Trait | Characters

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Allele | Traits

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Trait | Alleles

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Character | Traits

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Phenotype | Genotype

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What does it mean for a plant to be true breeding for purple flower color?

The breeder will know exactly what the genotype of the plant is for flower color

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All offspring of the plant, when it is self-fertilized, always have purple flowers

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The plant is homozygous for purple flower color

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All the above

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None of these

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If you wanted to perform a test cross with the individuals in generation C to determine which are homozygous dominant and which are heterozygous, what kind of plant would you breed them with?

A round (RR) seeded plant

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A round (Rr) seeded plant

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A wrinkled (rr) seeded plant

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All of these

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None of these

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Which generation in this set of crosses would be considered the F2 generation?

Generation A

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Generation B

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Generation C

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All of these

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None of these

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Which of these generations contains only heterozygous individuals for seed texture?

Generation A

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Generation B

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Generation C

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All of these

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None of these

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What percentage of generation C would you expect to have a homozygous dominant genotype?

100%

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75%

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50%

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25%

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0%

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Two dogs of a certain breed are crossed. The mother has a long tail, and the father has a short tail. All the offspring have medium-length tails. When two medium-length dogs are bred, ¼ of the offspring have long tails, ½ have medium tails, and ¼ have short tails. What pattern of inheritance is shown here?

Simple dominance

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Incomplete dominance

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Codominance

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Polygenic inheritance

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Epigenetics

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A different breed is crossed, this time with a father having black fur and a mother having brown fur. All the offspring are brindle, meaning it grows both black and brown hairs in an alternating pattern. What pattern of inheritance is this?

Simple dominance

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Incomplete dominance

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Codominance

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Polygenic inheritance

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Epigenetics

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Male-pattern baldness (b) is a recessive sex-linked trait. What would the genotype of a normal female and carrier female look like?

Normal = XBXb, carrier = XBXB

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Normal = XbXb, carrier = XBXB

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Normal = XBXB, carrier = XbXb

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Normal = XbXb, carrier = XBXb

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Normal = XBXB, carrier = XBXb

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If a normal male and a carrier female had children, what percentage of their boys would have male-pattern baldness?

All of them (100%)

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75%

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50%

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25%

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None of them (0%)

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The Law of Independent Assortment states that two genes will independently separate during meiosis, resulting in the different possible combinations of sperm or eggs produced by the parent. Which of the following must be TRUE for the law to hold?

The genes must be on the same chromosome

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The genes must be on different chromosomes

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The genes must be on the sex chromosomes (X or Y)

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This law is true for all genes, regardless of their loci

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None of the above

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EXTRA CREDIT QUESTION:

Which of these is the smallest level of organization that still has all the characteristics of life?

Community

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Organism

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Cell

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Organ

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Atom

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Exam4cellbiolnocreditanswerkey

Exam4cellbiolnocreditanswerkey

icarus July 9, 2024

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